Regime change in Russia? part two: internal conflict and paralysis   

Brian M Downing Defeat, imminent or actual, brings discontent, strife, assassination, secession, and breakdown. The Afghan state lost control in 1979 and decades of civil war and fragmentation have ensued. The German army disintegrated late in WWI. Militias clashed in cities, politicians were murdered, and Bavaria tried to secede. A Read More …

Where is Russia headed? part three: political turmoil 

Brian M Downing  Wars build states and bring them down as well. Most states were built on and base their legitimacy on military victory. That was true in Charlemagne’s day, Napoleon’s, and Stalin’s too. Defeat, even without surrender or foreign occupation, undermines governments. The French state was staggered by losses Read More …

The 2022 Iranian uprising, part two

Brian M Downing  Thus far the Iranian uprising has apparently not led to weakened repressive capacity, divisions in the elite, or opposition in parliament (Majles). This doesn’t bode well. However, separatist movements, terrorism, and foreign pressures may cause deeper problems for the mullahs and generals.  Intensified separatism  Iran is ruled Read More …

The Rise of the Free Russian Army 

Brian M Downing Ukrainian offensives around Kharkiv and Kherson have retaken swathes of land. They’ve also snared tens of thousands of prisoners – a startling and useful development. Several thousand have been recruited into a NATO-backed formation that will fight Russia, effect further territorial fragmentation, and ultimately depose Vladimir Putin.  Read More …